Two
atoms are said to be bonded when the energy required to separate them is substantially
larger than the van der Waals attraction energy.
Ionic
bonds result from the electrostatic attraction between ions;
covalent and metallic bonds result from the sharing of electrons among atoms; hydrogen bonds are weaker and result from
dipole interactions and limited electron
sharing. When used without modification, "bond'' usually refers to a covalent bond.
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