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A
conserved quantity that can be interconverted among many forms, including kinetic energy, potential energy, and electromagnetic
energy. Sometimes defined as "the capacity to do work,'' but in an environment at a uniform nonzero temperature, thermal energy does not provide this
capacity. (Note, however, that all energy has mass, and thus can be used to
do work by virtue of its gravitational potential energy; this caveat, however,
is of no practical significance unless a really deep gravity well is available.)
See free
energy.
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