Here liquid, organic and / or inorganic layers, which contain either solvents and / or are water-based, are applied to a surface and then hardened. Typical procedures that can be used here are spraying, immersing, flooding, stretching, roller application or the so-called "spin coating". The hardening takes place in a temperature range from 20°C - 300°C. In individual cases the temperature range can be clearly in excess of this. In conjunction with this, Nanogate has also developed independent procedures or optimized conventional ones for its applications.

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